Babar languages
| Babar | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Indonesia |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
| Proto-language | Proto-Babar |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | baba1274 |
The Babar languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family spoken on the Babar Islands, Indonesia.[1][2]
Languages
[edit]- Peripheral: West Damar, Dawera-Daweloor, North Babar, Dai
- South:
- Central Masela
- Nuclear South Babar: East Masela, West Masela, Serili, Southeast Babar
- Southwest Babar: Emplawas, Imroing, Tela-Masbuar
Proto-language
[edit]Proto-Babar was first reconstructed by Grimes & Edwards (2026).[3]
| Proto-Babar | Proto-South Babar | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| *kami | *ʔami | '1pl.excl' |
| *kita | '1pl.incl' | |
| *au | *ai | '1sg' |
| *ou | *owu | '2sg' |
| *lim | 'arm, hand' | |
| *(li)-awi/*(li)-awu | *awi | 'ash, dust' |
| *or | *or | 'bamboo' |
| *(wa)riʈ | 'bathe' | |
| *har | *har | 'betel pepper' |
| *manu | *mani(an)/*mani(en) | 'bird' |
| *metem | 'black' | |
| *raya | 'blood' | |
| *yai | *yai | 'boat' |
| *rui | 'bone' | |
| *tuni | *kuni | 'burn, roast' |
| *ʈaŋa | 'branch' | |
| *ʈuʈu | 'breast' | |
| *an/*ana | *an | 'child' |
| *tilu | 'deaf' | |
| *aʈu | 'dog' | |
| *waya | 'dry in sun' | |
| *tliŋa | *klil | 'ear' |
| *kaka | *ʔaka | 'elder sibling' |
| *teli | 'egg' | |
| *mata | *mak/*muka | 'eye' |
| *tei | *kei | 'feces' |
| *om | 'fingernail' | |
| *ai | *ai | 'fire' |
| *ikan | *ian | 'fish' |
| *lima | 'five' | |
| *wu- | 'fruit' | |
| *niki | *ni | 'fruit bat' |
| *peni | *peni | 'full' |
| *tiŋa | 'garden' | |
| *moho | 'green' | |
| *wulu | 'hair' | |
| *kutu | *oka | 'head' |
| *ulu | 'head' | |
| *ren | 'hear' | |
| *uma/*yuma | *yum | 'house' |
| *ira | 'how much' | |
| *buni | *buni | 'kill' |
| *tur | *kur | 'knee' |
| *utu/*kutu | *oki | 'louse' |
| *mani/*mayuni | *oi mani | 'man' |
| *wur | 'mountain' | |
| *nuru | *nor | 'mouth' |
| *ŋan | *nan | 'name' |
| *wari | 'new' | |
| *irn | 'nose' | |
| *meʈ(en) | 'one' | |
| *halan | *haln | 'path' |
| *uhan | 'rain' | |
| *wiay | 'root' | |
| *eni | *ini | 'sand' |
| *iti | 'seven' | |
| *nemo | 'six' | |
| *nie | *nie | 'snake' |
| *tani | 'soil' | |
| *tun | *kun | 'star' |
| *laya | 'sun' | |
| *maʈu | 'smoke' | |
| *ʔapun | *ʔap(e)n | 'stomach' |
| *watu | *waki | 'stone' |
| *wenaŋui | *-wenani | 'swim' |
| *iur/*iru | 'tail' | |
| *ŋiʈ/*ŋiʈi | 'teeth' | |
| *wuti | 'ten' | |
| *riwin | *riwen(i) | 'thousand' |
| *teli | 'three' | |
| *nama | *nam | 'tongue' |
| *nin | *lil/*nin | 'tooth' |
| *muta | *muku | 'vomit' |
| *wey | 'water' | |
| *ʈai | 'who' | |
| *aŋin | *anni | 'wind' |
| *(m)nu | *mno | 'wound' |
| *wayi | 'younger sibling' |
References
[edit]- ↑ Mark Taber. 1993. Toward a better understanding of the Indigenous Languages of Southwestern Maluku. Oceanic Linguistics 32. 389-441.
- ↑ Aone van Engelenhoven. 2010. Tentatively locating West-Damar among the languages of Southwest Maluku. In Chlenova, Svetlana and Fedorchuk, Artem (eds.), Studia Anthropologica: a Festschrift in Honor of Michael Chlenov, 297-326. Moscow-Jerusalem: Gesharim.
- ↑ Grimes, Charles E. & Owen Edwards. 2026. The Austronesian languages of eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste: Unravelling their prehistory and classification. Berlin: Language Science Press.
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