Skip to main content
Log in

The utilization of marine Algae in tropical South and East Asia

  • Published:
Economic Botany Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A review of the seaweed resources of South and East Asia may promote current research on the economic marine algae of this part of the world. The algae have to be regarded as very important in the future economy of a crowded world.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Bibliography

  1. Adams, C. M. Japanese agar-agar industry. Nat. Res. Sect. Rep.42: 1–31. 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Agardh, C. A. Incones algarum ineditae. Fasciculus primus. Lundae. 1820: pl. 1–10; Fasciculus secundus, Holmiae, 1821: pl. 11–20. 1820–1821.

  3. -. Species algarum rite cognitae. Gryphiswaldiae. 1821, I, I: 1–168; 1822, 1, 2: 169–531; 1828, 2: i–lxxvi and 1–189. 1821–1828.

  4. -. System a algarum. Lundae. i-xxxviii+1–312. 1824.

  5. Agardh, J. G. Novae species algarum quas in itinere and oras Maris Rubri collegit Eduardus Rueppel. (Often quoted as “Alg. Ruepp.”) Abh. Senckenb. Mus. Frankfurt2: 169–174. 1837.*

    Google Scholar 

  6. —. In historiam algarum symbolae. Continuatio prima. Linnaea15: 443–457. 1841.

    Google Scholar 

  7. —. Nya alger fran Mexico. (Often quoted as “Alg. Liebm.”) Oefvers. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Forhandl., Arg.4: 5–17. 1847.

    Google Scholar 

  8. -. Species genera et ordines algarum. Lundae. 1, 1: i–viii+1–363. 1848; 1, 2: i–xii+1–1291. 1852; 3: i–vii+1–724. 1863. (Part 3 was also published under the title “Epicrisis systematis Floridearum.” Lundae, 1876.) 1848–1876.

  9. -. Till algernes systematik, nya bidrag. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., afd. 1, vol. 9: 1–71; afd. 2, vol. 17: 1–134; afd. 3 vol. 19: 1–177; afd. 4, vol. 21: 1–117; afd. 5. vol. 23: 1–174; afd. 6, vol. 26: 1–125. 1872–1890.

  10. -. Analecta algologica. Act. Soc. Physiogr. Lundensis 28: 1–182; 29: 1–144; 30: 1–98; N. S. 7: 1–140; N. S. 8: 1–106; N. S. 10: 1–160. 1892–1899.

  11. Amstrong, E. F., and L. Mackenzie Miall. Raw materials from the sea. Leicester, England. 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bettels, J. Die Kohlenhydrate der Meeresalgen und daraus hergestellter Erzeugnisse. Thesis, Muenster: 1-54. 1905.

  13. Beumée. J. Gemboer Batoe.Acctabularia. Trop. Natuur14: 15–16. 1925.

    Google Scholar 

  14. B. K. Ranoe Bedali. Trop Natuur3: 156. 1914.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Blanco, M. Criptogamia. Algas. in: Flora de Filipinas. Manila: 1st ed.: 837–844. 1837; 2nd ed.: 578–583. 1845; 3rd ed.: 257–262. 1879.

  16. Boergessen, F. Some new or little known West Indian Florideae. Dansk Bot. Tidsskr.30: 1–19;30: 177-207. 1909-1910.

    Google Scholar 

  17. —. Marine algae from the Canary Islands. Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Medd.5: 1–123;6(2): 1-112;6(6): 1-97;8: 1-97;9: 1-159. 1925-1930.

    Google Scholar 

  18. —. Some Indian green and brown algae especially from the shores of the Presidency of Bombay. Indian Bot. Soc. Jour. 9: 151–174. 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  19. —. Some Indian Rhodophyceae especially from the shores of the Presidency of Bombay. Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. # 1, 1–24. 1931; #3, 113–134. 1932; #1, 1–30. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  20. —. A revision of Forskal’s algae mentioned in Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica and found in his herbarium in the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagena. Dansk. Bot. Arkiv.8: 1–15. 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  21. —. A list of marine algae from Bombay. Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Medd.12: 1–64. 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  22. —. Some marine algae from Ceylon. Ceylon Jour. Sci. Bot.12: 57–96. 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  23. —. Contributions to a South Indian marine algal flora. Indian Bot. Soc. Jour.16: 1–56. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  24. —.Catcnclla nipae used as food in Burma. Jour. Bot.76: 265–266. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Boorsma, W. G. Verklaring van eenige namen van op Java gebruikte geneesmiddelen. Jaarb. Dep. Landb. Ned Indië. 54. 1906.

  26. -, W. G.. Aanteekeningen over oostersche geneesmiddelen. Buitenzorg. 1-53. 1913.

  27. Bornet, F., and C. Flahault. Révision des Nostocacées heterocystées. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.73: 323–381;7(4): 343–373;7(5): 51–129;7(7): 177–262. 1886-1888. *

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bornet, E., and G. Thuret. Notes algologiques. Receuil d’observations sur les algues. Paris. 1876-1880. *

    Google Scholar 

  29. Bory De Saint Vincent. J. B. In: Dictionnaire classique d’histoire naturelles. Paris. 1822–1831. *

  30. -, -. Botanique, Cryptogamie, in; L J. Duperrey, voyage autour du monde, exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de sa Majesté La Coquille, pendant les anneés 1822–1825. 1–96. 1827; 97–136. 1828; 137–300. 1829; atlas. pl. 1–24. 1826. Paris.

  31. Burkill, I. H. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2 vols. London. 1935.

  32. Burman Fil, N. L. Flora Indica. 1768.

  33. Chapman, V. J. Seaweeds and their uses. London. 1950.

  34. Chidambaram, K., and M. M. Unny. Note on the value of seaweeds as manure. First Int. Seaw. Symp. Edinburgh. 1952: 67–68. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Clercq, F. S. A. De. Nieuw plantkundig woordenboek van Nederlandsch-Indië. Amsterdam. 1-395. 1909.

  36. Collado, E. G. Studies on the nutritive properties of seaweeds. Philipp. Agr.15: 129–148. 1926.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Dawson, E. Y. Marine plants in the vicinity of Nha Trang, Vietnam. Pacif.Sc.84: 373–469. 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Decaisne, J. Essais sur une classification des algues et des polypiers calcifères de Lamouroux. Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 2. Bot.17: 297–380. 1842. *

    Google Scholar 

  39. Esper, E. J. C. Icones fucorum (Abbildungen der Tange). Nuernberg. 1797-1802.

  40. Feldmann, J. and G. Hamel. Observations sur quelques Gelidiaceés. Rev. Gén. Bot.46: 528–550. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ferguson Wood, E. J. Agar in Australia. Counc. Sci. Industr. Res. Bull.203: 1–43. 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Filet, G. J. Plantkundig woordenboek van Nederlandsch-Indië. Amsterdam. 1888.

  43. Forskal, P. Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica. Hauniae. 1775. *

  44. Fritsch, F. E. The structure and reproduction of the algae. Cambridge. 1–791, 1935; 1–939, 1945.

  45. Gaillon, B. Resume méthodique des classifications des Thalassiophytes. Dict. Sc. Nat. 4. 1828.

  46. Gilbert, W. J. Studies on Philippine Chlorophyceae. II. Survey of literature and list of recorded species prior to 1940. Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl.73: 72–79. 1946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Gmelin, S. G. Historia fucorum. St. Petersburg. 1768.

  48. Govindachari, T. R., and S. Rajagopalan. Preliminary screening of marine algae of Indian origin for possible worthwhile industrial precursors of sex and cortical hormones. First Int. Seaw. Symp. Edinburgh. 1952: 49–50. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Greshoff, M. Beschrijving der giftige en bedwelmende planten bij de vischvangst in gebruik, II. Meded.’s Lands Plantent. Bogor29: 167. 1900.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Greville, R. K. Algae britannicae. Edinburgh. 1830.

  51. -, Synopsis generum algarum cum enumeratione specierum cognitarum, in: Algae britannicae. Edinburgh. 1830.

  52. -. Cf. J. F. C. Montagne. Cryptogamia, plantas cellulares, in: Sagra, Hist. de Cuba. Paris. 1838. *

  53. Groot, J. E. de. The agar content of indigenous seaweeds. Chron. natur.103: 10–11. 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gruvel, A. l’lndo-Chine, ses richesses marines et fluviatiles. Paris. Les algues comestibles: 133–138; les algues industrielles: 138–140. 1925.

  55. Harvey, W. H. Algae of Tasmania. London Jour. Bot.3: 428–454. 1844.

    Google Scholar 

  56. —. Some account of the marine botany of the colony of Western Australia. Trans. Roy. Irish Acad.22: 552. 1855.

    Google Scholar 

  57. -. Phycologia Australica. 1858–1863.

  58. —. Characters of new algae, chiefly from Japan and adjacent regions collect ed by Ch. Wright, in the North Pacific Exploring Expedition under Captain John Rodgers. Proc. Am. Acad.4: 327–335. 1859.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Harvey, W. H., and J. D. Hooker Fil. Algae Novae Zeelandiae. London Jour. Bot.4: 521–551. 1845; 7: 443-445. 1853-1855.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Hasskarl, J. K. Neuer Schluessel zu Rumph’s Herbarium Amboinense. Abh. Naturf. Gesellsch. Halle.9: 143–398. 1866.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Hauck, F. Ueber einige von J. M. Hildebrandt im Rothen Meere und im Indischen Ozean gesammelte Algen. Hedwigia26: 18–21, 41–45. 1887.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Henschel, A. G. E. Th. Clavis Herbarii Amboinensis, in: Vita G. E. Rumphii, Plinii Indici. Bratislaviae: 139–202. 1833.

  63. Heyne, K. Algen, in: De Nuttige planten van Nederlandsch Indië. Dep. Landb. Buitenzorg. 2nd ed.: 33–38. 1927.

  64. Hofstede, H. W. Is een agar-agar industrie in Nederlandsch Indië mogelijk? Alg. Landb. Weekbl. Nederl. Ind.6: 671–673;6: 738–740;8: 31–324. 1921-1921.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Holsinger, E. C. T. Seaweed resources of Ceylon. First Int. Seaw. Symp., Edinburgh. 1952: 95. 1953.

  66. Hooper, D. Foodstuffs (Analyses of Burmese seaweed). Ann. Rep. Ind. Mus. Industr. Sect. f. 1908-1909: 13–16. 1909.

    Google Scholar 

  67. —. On Chinese medicine: Drug of Chinese pharmacies in Malaya. Gardens Bull. S. S.6: 1–163. 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Howe, M. A. Phycological studies, 1–5. Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl.32: 241–252. 1905;32: 563–586. 1905;34: 491–516. 1907; 36: 75–104. 1909;38: 489–514. 1911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. —. Algae, in: N. J. Britton and C. F. Millspaugh. Bahama Flora. New York: 553–618. 1920. *

    Google Scholar 

  70. —. Marine algae from the island of Panay and Negros (Philippines) and niuafoou (between Samoa and Fiji). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.22: 167–170. 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Hudson, G. Flora Anglica. London. ed. 1, 1762; ed. 2, 1778. *

  72. Kuetzing, F. T. Tabulae phycologicae oder Abbildungen der Tange. Nordhausen. 1845: 1–19, f. 1–1900; 1871: 1–57 (index).

    Google Scholar 

  73. -. Species Algarum Lipsiae. 1849.

  74. Lam, H. J. On a forgotten floristic map of Malaysia (H. Zollihger, 1857). Blumea, Suppl.1: 176–182. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Lami, H. Proc. 7th Pan-Pacif. Sci. Congr. Auckland, N. Z. 1949. *

  76. Lamouroux, J. V. F. Dissertations sur plusieurs especes deFucus, peu connues ou nouvelles. Agen: pl. 1-36. 1805.

  77. —. Mémoire sur les caulerpes, nouveau genre de la famille des algues marines. Jour. de Bot.2: 136–147. 1809.

    Google Scholar 

  78. —. Essai sur les genres de la famille des Thalassiophytes non articulées. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat.20: 21–47, 115–139, 267–293. 1813. *

    Google Scholar 

  79. -. Histoire des polypiers coralligènes flexibles, vulgairement nommes Zoophytes. Caen. 1816.

  80. Levring, T. Verzeichnis einiger Chlorophyceen und Phaeophyceen von Suedafrika. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F.34: 1–25. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Link, H. F. Epistola de algis aquaticus in genera disponendis, in: C. G. Nees ab Esenbeck, Horae physicae berolinensis. Bonnae: 1-8. 1820. *

  82. Linnaeus, C. Flora Sueciae, exhibens plantas per regnum Sueciae crescentes. Stockholm, ed. 2: 432. 1755.

  83. -. Species plantarum. Stockholm, ed. 2. 1763.

  84. -. Mantissa plantarum. Holmiae: 313. 1771.

  85. Lucas, A. H. S. The marine algae of Lord Howe Island. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.60: 194–232. 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  86. -, and F. Perrin. The seaweeds of South Australia. II, The red seaweeds. in: Handbook of the flora and fauna of South Australia. Adelaide. 111–458. 1947.

  87. MacCaughey, V. The seaweeds of Hawaii. Ani. Jour. Bot.3: 474–479. 1916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Martens, G. Von. Die Tange, in: Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien, Bot. Theil. Berlin: 1-152. 1866.

  89. Matsui H. (Quoted by Tressler) Jour. Coll. Agr. Imp. Univ. Tokyo.5: 413–417. 1916. *

    Google Scholar 

  90. May, V. Jour. Counc. Sci. Ind. Res. Australia Bull.235: 37. 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Merrill, E. D. An interpretation of Rumphius’s Herbarium Amboinense. Bur. Sci. Publ. Manila.9: 1–595. 1917.

    Google Scholar 

  92. -. Algae in: Species Blancoanae (A critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and Llanos). Manila: 39-41. 1918.

  93. Miller, C. D. Food values of Poi, Taro and Limu. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull.37: 1–25. 1927.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. —. Japanese foods commonly used in Hawaii. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.68: 1–43. 1933.

    Google Scholar 

  95. —, L. Louis, and K. Yanazawa. Foods used by the Filipinos in Hawaii. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.98: 1–80. 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Montagne, J. F. C. Cryptogamia, Plantas cellulares, in: Sagra, Hist. de Cuba. Paris. 1838.

    Google Scholar 

  97. —. Seconde centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, Phyceae. Ann. Sci. Nat., sér. 2. Bot.13: 197–202. 1840.

    Google Scholar 

  98. —. Troisième centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles. Phyceae. Ann. Sci. Nat., sér. 2. Bot.18: 248–265. 1842.

    Google Scholar 

  99. -. Phyceae, in: Plantes cellulaires, apud J. B. Hombron and C. H. Jacquinot Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l’Océanie sur les corvettes “l’Astrolabe” et la “Zelée” executé pendant les années 1837–184? sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d’Urville. Botanique 1. 1842–1845.

  100. —. Cryptogamia Guyanensis, seu plantarum cellularium in Guyana gallica annis 1835–1849 a cl. Leprieur collectarium enumeratio universalis. Ann. Sci. Nat., sér. 3. Bot.14: 283–309. 1850.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Newton, L. A handbook of the British seaweeds. British Museum. London. 1931.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Okamura, K. The distribution of marine algae in Pacific waters. Records Oceanogr. Works in Japan4: 30–150. 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  103. —. Uses of algae in Japan. Proc. Fifth Pacif. Sci. Congr.4: 3153–3161. 1933.

    Google Scholar 

  104. —. OnGelidium andPterocladia of Japan. J. Impt. Fish. Inst.29: 47–67. 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Olivi in: Saggi Acad. Padova3: 153. 1792.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Oudemans, C. A. J. A. Bijdrage tot de kennis van het agar-agar. Vlugtige opmerkingen omtrentFucus amylaceus en Tjientjau. Tijdschr. Wetensch. Pharm. 2e ser.3: 1–18. 1856.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Perrot, E., and C. L. Gattin. Les algues alimentaires d’Extreme-Orient. Bull. Sc. Pharm. 18. 1911. *

  108. Pillai, K. S., and N. S Varier. Chemical analysis of seaweeds of Travancore-Cochin state. First Int. Seaw. Symp., Edinburgh. 1952: 53–54. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  109. —. Seaweed resources of Travancore-Cochin. First Int. Seaw. Symp., Edinburgh, 1952: 101. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Post, E. Systematische and pflanzengeographische Notizen zurBostrychia-Caloglossa-Assoziation. Rev. Algol.9: 1–84. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  111. —. Zur okonomie des Bostrychietum. Planta 28: 743–744. 1938.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Printz, H. Teknisk Viktige Havplanter Ved Norges Kyster, Dramman. Expresstrykkeriet. pp. 1-34, pi. 1–16. 1948.

  113. Reed, M. The economic seaweeds of Hawaii and their food value. Ann. Rep. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta. 1906: 61–88. 1907.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Reinbold, Th. Die Chlorophyceen der Kieler Fohrde. Schrift. naturw. Ver. f. Schleswig-Holstein8: 109–144. 1890.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Ridley, H. N. Malay Materia Medica. Straits Med. Soc.: 122–134. 1897.

  116. —. Malay drugs. Agr. Bull. S. & Fed. Mai. St. N. S.5: 193–206 (I); 245–254 (II); 269–282 (III). 1906.

    Google Scholar 

  117. -. Proc. Linn. Soc. London f. 1929–1930: 35. 1930.

  118. Rumphius, G. E. Het Amboinsch Kruidboek; Herbarium Amboinense. Amsterdam.6: 1–256. 1750.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Safford, W. E. The useful plants of the island of Guam. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.9: 1–416. 1905. *

    Google Scholar 

  120. Schmitz, F. Systematische Uebersicht der bisher bekannten Gattungen der Florideen. Flora5: 435–456. 1889.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Seale, A. The fishery resources of the Philippine Islands. Pt. 4: Miscellaneous marine products, 7: Edible seaweeds of the Philippines. Philipp. Jour. Sci., D,6: 308–309. 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Setchell, W. A. Lima. Univ. Calif, publ. Bot.2: 91–113. 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  123. —. American Samoa. III, Vegetation of Rose Atoll. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ.341: 1–188. 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Smith, H. M. The seaweed industries of Japan. U. S. Bur. of Fish. Bull.24: 133–181. 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Sonder, W. Algen des tropischen Australiens. Hamburg. 1871. *

  126. Spoon, W. Agar-Agar. Kon. Inst. Tropen, Amsterdam, Afd. Trop. Prod.234: 1–8. 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Stackhouse, J. Nereis britannica; continens species omnes Fucorum in insulis Britannicis crescentium. Bath, ed.1. 1795–1801.

  128. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van. On the application of the terms Malaysia and Malaya in plant geography. Garden’s Bull. S. S.9: 187–189. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Survival on Land and Sea. Prepared for the U. S. Navy by the Ethnographic Board of the Smithsonian Institution: 1–187. (Algae: 144, 157). 1944.

  130. Svedelius, N. Ueber die Algenvegetation eines Ceylonischen Korallenriffes, mit besonderer Ruecksicht auf ihre Periodicitat. Bot. Stud. tillagn. Kjellman, Upsala: 184–220. 1906.

  131. Thuret, G. in A. le Jolis, Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg. Mém. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourgh.10: 1–168. 1863.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Tilden, J. E. The algae and their life relations. The Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minnesota: 1–550. 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Tondo, M. F. D. 1926. * Cf. V. J. Chapman, The seaweeds and their uses. pp. 98, 182, 191, and 271. 1950.

  134. Toni, J. B. De. Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum. Patavii. 1900.

  135. Tressler, D. K. Marine products of commerce. New York: 1–762. 1923; 2nd ed., 1951.

  136. Tseng, C. K. Utilization of seaweeds. Sci. Monthly.59: 37–46. 1944.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Turner, D. Fuci sive plantarum fucorum generi a botanicis ascriptarum icones descriptiones et historia. Londini.1: 1–164. 1808;2: 1–162. 1809;3: 1–148, 1811;4: 1–153. 1819.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Vahl, M. Endeel cryptogamiske planter (Fuci) fra St. Crois. Naturh. Sellsk., Skrift.5: 29. 1802.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Vaucher, J. P. Histoire des conferves d’eau douce. Genève. 1803.

  140. Velasquez, G. T. Seaweed resources of the Philippines. First Int. Seaw. Symp. Edinburgh. 1952: 100–101. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Vorderman, A. G. Sasaksche woordenlijst. Tijdschr. Ind. Taal-Land-en Volkenk.38: 404–435. 1895.

    Google Scholar 

  142. -. Iets over de glaskauwerplanten (kedji beling) en hare toepassing in de inlandsche geneeskunde. Batavia. 1900.

  143. Weber-Van Bosse, A. Monographic des Caulerpes. Ann. Jour. Bot. Buitenzorg.15: 243–401. 1898.

    Google Scholar 

  144. —. Note sur deux algues de l’Archipel Malaisien. Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl.1: 96–105. 1904.

    Google Scholar 

  145. —. Liste des Algues du Siboga. 1–4. Siboga Exped. Monogr. 59. 1913-1928.

    Google Scholar 

  146. —. The Rhodophyceae of the Percy Slade Trust Expedition. Trans. Linn. Soc.16: 280. 1914.

    Google Scholar 

  147. -. De Zee als woonplaats voor planten, in: De zeeën van Nederlandsch Oost-Indië. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen.: 250–272. 1922.

  148. —. Algues de l’expédition danoise aux iles Kei, in: Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914–1916. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk. Naturh. Foren.81: 57–155. 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Wells, A. H. Possibilities of gulaman dagat as a substitute for gelatin in food. Philipp. Jour. Agr. Sci.2: 267–271. 1916.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Wester, P. J. The food plants of the Philippines. Dept. Agr. Nat. Res. Gov. Philipp. Is. Bull.39: 1–236. 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Witkamp, H. Laminteh, een eetbaar wier, in: De omgeving van Watoe Oeloh. Trop. Natuur27: 190. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Wulfen, F. X. von. Phyceae, in: N. J. Jacquin, Collectanea ad botanicum, chemiam et historiam naturalem spectantia. Vindo-bonae,3: 157. 1789.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Yendo, K. Uses of marine algae in Japan. Postelsia1: 1–18. 1902.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Zanardini, G. Phycearum Indicarum pugillus à Ed: Beccari ad Borneum, Singapore, Ceylon, etc. R. Inst. Veneto.17: 129–170. 1872.

    Google Scholar 

  155. —. Note informo ad un viaggio a Borneo recentemente intrapressa del botanico fiorentino O. Beccari. Atti R. Inst. Veneto, ser.4: 1. 1872.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Zaneveld, J. S. The littoral zonation of some Fucaceae in relation to desiccation. Jour. Ecol.25: 431–468. 1937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. —. Economy, in: The Charophyta of Malaysia and adjacent countries. Blumea4: 34–41. 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  158. —. Is er plaats voor een agar-agar industrie in Indonesie? Econ. Weekbl. Indon.52: 1107–1108. 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  159. —. De economische betekenis van zeewieren en de mogelijkheid tot hun exploitatie in de Maleise Archipel (with summary) Chron. Naturae105: 1–8. 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  160. —. The economic marine algae of Malaysia and their applications. I, The Cyanophyta and the Chlorophyta. Proc. Indo-Pacif. Fish. Counc. 1949. Contr. Pap.10: 107–144. 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  161. —. Agar-agar. Berita Perikanan (Visserijnieuws) Indon.2: 42–43. 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  162. —. A review of three centuries of phycological work and collectors in Indonesia (1650–1950). Publ. Organiz. Sci. Res.21: 1–16. 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  163. —. The economic marine algae of Malaysia and their applications. II, The Phaeophyta. Proc. Indo-Pacif. Fish. Counc. Meeting 1950: 1–5. 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  164. —. The economic marine algae of Malaysia and their applications III, The Rhodophyta. Indo-Pacif. Fish. Counc. Meeting 1952. Techn. Pap.35: 1–26. (Mimeographed). 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  165. —. The economic marine algae of the tropical regions of South and East Asia and their utilization. Indo-Pacif. Fish. Counc., Spec. Publ.3: 1–55. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Zollinger, H. Systematisches Verzeichniss der im indischen Archipel in den Jahren 1842–1848 gesammelten Pflanzen. Zürich, 1: 1–4; 3: 4. 1855.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This article is largely a reprint of “Economic Marine Algae of Tropical South and East Asia and Their Utilization,” Sp. Publ. No. 3, Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, FAO. Permission to reprint is gratefully acknowledged. Illustrations were made possible by support from the Seaplant Corporation, New Bedford, Massachusetts.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zaneveld, J.S. The utilization of marine Algae in tropical South and East Asia. Econ Bot 13, 89–131 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859244

Download citation

  • Issue date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859244

Keywords