Methylphenidate
Tɛmplet:Infobox drug/maintenance categories
Methylphenidate, bɛ lahi mi tila' shɛli Ritalin la nyɛla tila' shɛli bɛ ni mali n tibiri attention deficit hyperactivity disorder bee ADHD; doro shɛli din yihiri niri o hankali ni zaɣi ni nti pahi narcolepsy[5] Di nyɛla tuuli tila' shɛli bɛ ni mali tibiri ADHD[5] Di nyɛla din ni tooi vali nɔli ni bee n niŋ n pa ningbuŋ zuɣu.[5] Tilaa ŋɔ balibu nyɛla din gba tuma nye payapaya ningbuŋ puuni[5]
Tilaa ŋɔ valibu barinanima shɛŋa n nye gbihibu yɛlmuɣisira, nɔli ni ka nyaɣisim n kpa dibu polo, anxiety n ti pahi kɔhisibu[5] Barinanima shɛŋa din gba pahi ka mali yaa n nye zuɣupuri danli bee yinyari, allergic reactions, doo tooni yiɣisibu n yuui, tima valibu yiriŋ n ti pahi suhuni dɔriti[5] Methylphenidate tuma jandi la di yi ti niŋ ka neurons tahiri dopamine mini norepinephrine kpuɣibu ningbuŋ ni.[6][7]Methylphenidate nyɛla cental nervous system (CNS) stimulant din pahi phenethylamine mini piperidine tilahi zuliya ni[5][8]
Methylphenidate nyɛla bɛ ni yihi ti' shɛli na yuuni 1944 ka fukumsinima sahi n ti li tiŋduya yuuni 1955.[5][9] Swiss kɔmpini din nye CIBA n daa nye ban tuui kɔhiri li, amaa punpɔŋɔ, Norvatis Corporation n nye ban kɔhiri li[9] Vihigu wuhiya ni yuuni 2013 pili ni, biliyon 2.4 Methylphenidate tim ŋɔ ka niriba zaa n zaŋ ku bukaata anduniya yaangi zuɣu[10] Yuuni 2017 puli ni, di daa nyɛla tila' shɛli din pahi pihinahi ni ayopɔi dɔɣitenima ni yɛli ni barinima vali Amɛrika tiŋgbani, ka ŋa laasabu daa yaɣi miliyon pia ni ayɔbu.[11][12]Tim ŋɔ daa nyɛla Ghana shiiri 3.6 (USD0.30) dose kam zuɣuni yuuni 2018 puli ni[13]
References
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAHFS2018 - ↑ Bonewit-West, Kathy; Hunt, Sue A.; Applegate, Edith (2012). Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures (in English). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 571. ISBN 9781455701506. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020. Archived 29 Silimin gɔli September 2024 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ (December 1999) "Pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of methylphenidate". Clinical Pharmacokinetics 37 (6): 457–70. DOI:10.2165/00003088-199937060-00002. PMID 10628897.
- 1 2 "Chemical and Physical Properties". Methylphenidate. Pubchem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals (en). AHFS. Archived 19 Silimin gɔli December 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ (2005) "Neurobiology of Executive Functions: Catecholamine Influences on Prefrontal Cortical Functions". Biological Psychiatry 57 (11): 1377–84. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.019. PMID 15950011.
- ↑ Stahl, Stephen M. (11 April 2013). Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107686465.
- ↑ Preedy, Victor R. (2016). Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse Volume 3: General Processes and Mechanisms, Prescription Medications, Caffeine and Areca, Polydrug Misuse, Emerging Addictions and Non-Drug Addictions (in English). Academic Press. p. 651. ISBN 9780128006771. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- 1 2 (2010) "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 2 (4): 241–55. DOI:10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8. PMID 21258430.
- ↑ "Narcotics monitoring board reports 66% increase in global consumption of methylphenidate". Pharmaceutical Journal. Archived 19 Silimin gɔli December 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ The Top 300 of 2020. Archived 12 Silimin gɔli February 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Methylphenidate - Drug Usage Statistics. Archived 12 Silimin gɔli April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ NADAC as of 2018-12-19 (en). Archived 19 Silimin gɔli December 2018 at the Wayback Machine