Commons:Stroke Order Project/Sources

This page should be reviewed and refreshed for : 1) its form and organisation ; 2) its content and links to online resources which have changed addresses.

Table of sources

ID code	Country	Type	Solidity	Source references
Authoritative works
Kangxi	Qing dynasty	Book	Authoritative - shapes	康熙字典 (en: Kangxi Zidian), 1716. Using the original version, need to examinate former 17th-18th characters shapes (authoritative work). Scanned version available at www.kangxizidian.com.
常用國字標準字體筆順手冊	Taiwan	Book	Authoritative	常用國字標準字體筆順手冊 (ROC-Taiwan standard shapes and stroke orders of commonly used characters)[1], Taiwan Ministry of Education, 1995, ISBN 957-00-7082-X (Authoritative) Stroke order 14 rules
現代漢語通用字筆順規範	China	Book	Authoritative	現代漢語通用字筆順規範, 453pages, 1997, editeur: 语文出版社, ISBN:7801262018 (Authoritative) (equal to 现代汉语通用字笔顺规范  ??)
筆順指導の手びき	Japan	Book	Authoritative - 1958-1977	筆順指導の手びき (Hitsujun shidō no tebiki), 1958. (Authoritative from 1958 to 1977) Note: nowadays, the Japanese Ministry of Education let editors set freely a character's stroke order, which all should « follow commonsensical orders which are widely accepted in the society ».
香港標準字形及筆順	Hongkong		?	香港標準字形及筆順 - stroke orders following the Hong Kong Department of Education's List of Commonly Used Characters
Consultative materials
	China (Imperial) ; China	Thesis	Commentary	Ding, Yaowu (2012) 现代汉字笔顺规范问题研究 (en: Research on Modern Chinese Characters' Stroke Order's Standardization)[2], pages 53
黃沛榮	Multi (tw+cn)	Article	Commentary	黃沛榮（Huang Peijung）: 兩岸語文比較:肆、筆順 (en: Comparative study of the two Chinese characters systems: Section 4, Stroke order)
	Multi (tw+cn)	Article	Commentary	兩岸漢字規範筆順比較[3], 2013 Zhang, X. and Cheung W. K. (2013). A Mainland-Taiwan Comparative Study on Standard Stroke Order of Chinese Characters (两岸汉字规范笔顺比较). Newsletter of Chinese Language (中国语文通讯), Volume 92 (2013), Number 1. pp. 17-26.
	Multi (tw+cn)	Article	Commentary	Zhang, X. (2008). A Comparative Study on Chinese Characters Stroke Order Regulations between Taiwan and the Mainland (两岸汉字笔顺规则问题讨论). In Wong, C. (ed.). Selected Papers from the 2006 Annual Research Forum of the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (2006年香港语言学学会学术年会论文集). Hong Kong: Linguistic Society of Hong Kong. pp. 47-54.
CC	China	Book	Teaching material	当代中文, Contemporary Chinese, Character book, volume one, by Wu Zhongwei (chief compiler), support by the Project NOTCFL of the PRC, ed. Sinolingua, 2003, ISBN 7-80052-881-2
Websites by governements or Ministries of Education
TW	Taiwan	Website	Authoritative - digital version	常用國字標準字體筆順學習網, (en: Learning Program for Stroke Order of Frequently Used Chinese Characters) with animated stroke order, by the Ministry of Education, R.O.C. (Taiwan). (Research by character | Searching methods).

• en:List of Kangxi radicals

Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Authorative work

《常用國字標準字體筆順手冊》, Taipei, 1995, by the Taiwan Ministry of Education. Book available online. ISBN 957-00-7082-X

Simplified Chinese

Authorative work

• 《现代汉语通用字笔顺规范》, 1997, ISBN 7-80126-201-8

Both

Others related works

• 中文聽說讀寫 — Traditonal and simplified Chinese characters from the Chinese Language Program at the USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences. There is a newer version of the traditional Chinese characters here.
• relevant? A specification for CDL (Character Description Languages)

Japanese

Until 1976, the Standards for Textbook Authorization (ja:教科用図書検定規準) required school textbooks to follow the Hitsujun shidō no tebiki 筆順指導の手びき, published in 1958 by the Japanese Ministry of Education (now the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT). After the revision of the standards in 1977, this handbook is no longer been mentioned in the official standard. It now states:

“ In principal, the stroke orders of kanji should follow commonsensical orders which are widely accepted in the society. When the stroke order of a character in semi-cursive script differs [from that of regular script], appropriate explanation must be added. ” —MEXT, Standards for Authorization of the Textbooks of Compulsory Educational Organizations

“ 漢字の筆順は，原則として一般に通用している常識的なものによっており，行書で筆順が異なる字については，適切な説明を加えていること。 ” —MEXT, 義務教育諸学校教科用図書検定基準, 1999, 1.

The Curriculum Guideline (学習指導要領), published by MEXT, also sets standards for elementary and secondary education. The guideline for Japanese language education for first and second grade elementary schools refers to kanji stroke order as

“ [Schools must teach students] to write correctly and following stroke orders, pay attention to the length of dots and lines and how they touch and cross each other. ” —MEXT, Curriculum Guideline for Elementary Schools

“ 点画の長短，接し方や交わり方などに注意して，筆順に従って文字を正しく書くこと。 ” —MEXT, 第1節　国語－文部科学省, 1998. 12.

Authorative source (before 1977)

• 筆順指導の手びき (Hitsujun shidō no tebiki), 1958. (Authoritative from 1958 to 1977)

Useful books

• 江守賢治『楷行草 筆順・字体字典』三省堂、第2版、2002、ISBN 4385150494 (Book page on the Sanseido website.)
• 久米公『漢字指導の手引き—学習指導要領準拠』教育出版、第5版、2004、ISBN 4316801074 (Book page on the Kyoiku Shuppan website.)
• Pye, Michael The Study of Kanji: A Handbook of Japanese Characters. Hokuseido Press. ISBN 0-8934-6232-2. (Includes a translation of the Japanese Ministry of Education rules on Kanji stroke order).

学習指導要領準拠 漢字指導の手引き^[4] (in Japanese), Japanese Ministry of Education's Press, 200?

Useful websites

• 漢字の正しい書き順(筆順) — Has hiragana, katakana and an extensive, but unknown number of kanji. (GIF animations)
• 漢字書き順ガイド — Has 205 stroke order animations for grades 1-6 ordered by the Japanese school system grades. (RealMedia format with a plugin)
• gahoh EnglishJapanese — Has hiragana, katakana, grades 1-6 and some 192 other "textbook" kanji as well. (Quicktime movies)