Fork (mitologija)

Fork
Fork
	Kasnorimski mozaik iz Trajanovih termi u Akoli koji prikazuje tri vodena božanstva: Forka (u sredini), Ketu (desno) i Tritona ili Taumanta (lijevo). Nacionalni muzej Bardo, Tunis.
Roditelji	Pont i Geja
Suprug(a)	Elektra
Braća	Nerej i Taumant
Sestre	Keta i Euribija
Mitologija	Grčka mitologija

Fork (starogrčki: Φόρκυς ) u grčkoj mitologiji je prvobitni bog mora, koji se obično navodi (prvi put kod Hesioda) kao sin Ponta i Geje (Zemlje). Klasični naučnik Karl Kerenyi je poistovjetio Forka sa sličnim morskim bogovima Nerejem i Protejem.^[1] Njegova supruga bila je Keta, a u mitu je najpoznatiji po tome što je sa Ketom imao mnoštvo monstruozne djece. U postojećim helenističko-rimskim mozaicima, Fork je prikazan kao ribljerepi morski čovjek, s nogama poput kandži rakova i crvenom, šiljastom kožom.

Prema Serviju, komentatoru Eneide, koji izvještava o vrlo drevnoj verziji koja se već ogleda u Varonu, različitoj od grčke vulgate:^[2] Forkus je nekada bio kralj Sardinije i Korzike; Uništen u pomorskoj bici u Tirenskom moru, a zatim oboren od strane kralja Atlasa s velikim dijelom svoje vojske, njegovi pratioci su ga zamišljali pretvorenog u morsko božanstvo, možda čudovište, pola čovjeka, a pola morskog ovna.^[3]

Roditelji

Prema Hesiodovoj Teogoniji, Forkid je sin Ponta i Geje, i brat Nereja, Taumanta, Kete i Euribije.^[4] U genealogiji iz Platonovog dijaloga Timaj, Fork, Kron i Reja su najstariji potomci Okeana i Tetije.^[5]

Potomstvo

Hesiodova Teogonija navodi djecu Forka i Kete kao Greje (imenujući samo dvoje: Pemfredo i Enija), Gorgone (Stena, Eurijala i Meduza),^[6] vjerovatno Ehidna (iako je tekst nejasan po ovom pitanju)^[7] i Ketina "najmlađa, strašna zmija koja čuva jabuke od zlata na tajnim mjestima tamne zemlje na njenim velikim granicama",^[8] također nazvana Drakon Hesperios ("Hesperijski zmaj" ili zmaj Hesperida) ili Ladon. Ova djeca su obično dosljedna u različitim izvorima, iako se Ladon često navodi kao dijete Ehidne od Tifona i stoga kao unuk Forka i Kete.^[9]

Prema Apolodoru, Skila je bila kćerka Krateide, a otac joj je bio ili Trijen (Triton?) ili Fork.^[10] Apolonije sa Rodosa navodi Skilu kao kćer Forka i spoj Krateide i Hekate. Prema fragmentu Sofokla, Fork je otac Sirena.^[11]

Sholijast o Apoloniju sa Rodosa navodi Forka i Ketu kao roditelje Hesperida, ali ova tvrdnja se ne ponavlja u drugim antičkim izvorima.

Homer spominje Toosu, Polifemovu majku, kao kćer Forka, bez navedene majke.^[12]

Reference

↑ Kerenyi pp. 42–43.
↑ «Rex fuit Forcus Corsicae et Sardiniae qui cum ab Atlante rege navali certamine cum magna exercitus parte fuisset victus et obrutus finxerunt soci eius eum in deum marinum esse conversum»
↑ Attilio Mastino, Eracle nel Giardino delle Esperidi e le Ninfe della Sardegna nell'Occidente Mediterraneo mitico, "Archivio Storico Sardo", 2020
↑ Gantz, p. 16; Hesiod, Theogony 233–9 (Most, pp. 20–3).
↑ Gantz, p. 11; Kerenyi, p. 42; Plato, Timaeus 40d–e (pp. 86, 87).
↑ Hesiod, Theogony, 270–276.
↑ Hesiod, Theogony, 295–297. Though Herbert Jennings Rose says simply that it is "not clear which parents are meant", Athanassakis, p. 44, says that Phorcys and Ceto are the "more likely candidates for parents of this hideous creature who proceeded to give birth to a series of monsters and scourges". The problem arises from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in line 295 of the Theogony. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe (e.g. Smith "Echidna"; Morford, p. 162), according to Clay, p. 159 n. 32, "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Gantz, p. 22; Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 295–303; Grimal, s.v. Echidna, str. 143.
↑ Hesiod, Theogony, 333–335.
↑ Pherecydes, fr. 16b Fowler; Apollodorus, Library 2.5.11; Hyginus, Fabulae Preface, 151.
↑ Apollodorus, E7.20. Similarly the Plato scholiast, perhaps following Apollodorus, gives the mother as Crataeis and the father as Tyrrhenus or Phorcus, while Eustathius on Homer, Odyssey 12.85 gives the father as Triton. Homer, Odyssey 12.124–125; Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.749, have Crataeis as mother with no father mentioned; see also Servius on Virgil Aeneid 3.420; and schol. on Plato, Republic 588c. For discussions of the parentage of Scylla, see Fowler 2013, p. 32, Ogden, p. 134; Gantz, pp. 731–732; and Frazer's note to Apollodorus, E7.20.
↑ Fowler 2013, p. 31; Sophocles, fr. 861 Lloyd-Jones, pp. 376, 377.
↑ Smith, s.v. Phorcus, Phorcys; Homer, Odyssey 1.71–3.

Izvori

Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Athanassakis, Apostolos N, Hesiod: Theogony, Works and days, Shield, JHU Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8018-7984-5.
Caldwell, Richard, Hesiod's Theogony, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company (June 1, 1987). ISBN 978-0-941051-00-2.
Clay, Jenny Strauss, Hesiod's Cosmos, Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-82392-0.
Fowler, R. L. (2000), Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0198147404.
Fowler, R. L. (2013), Early Greek Mythography: Volume 2: Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0198147411.
Freeman, Kathleen, Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers: A Complete Translation of the Fragments in Diels, Fragmente Der Vorsokratiker, Harvard University Press, 1983. ISBN 9780674035010.
Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. ISBN 978-0-631-20102-1. Internet Archive.
Hesiod, Theogony, in Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, edited and translated by Glenn W. Most, Loeb Classical Library No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0-674-99720-2. Online version at Harvard University Press.
Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A. T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd., 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hyginus, Gaius Julius, The Myths of Hyginus. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
Kerenyi, Karl 1951 (1980). The Gods of the Greeks.
Morford, Mark P. O., Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-530805-1.
Ogden, Daniel (2013), Drakōn: Dragon Myth and Serpent Cult in the Greek and Roman Worlds, Oxford University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-19-955732-5. Google Books.
Plato, Timaeus. Critias. Cleitophon. Menexenus. Epistles, translated by R. G. Bury, Loeb Classical Library No. 234, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1929. ISBN 978-0-674-99257-3. Online version at Harvard University Press.
Rose, Herbert Jennings, "Echidna" in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Hammond and Scullard (editors), Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-19-869117-3
Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873).
Sophocles, Fragments, edited and translated by Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Loeb Classical Library No. 483, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-674-99532-1. Online version at Harvard University Press.

Vanjski linkovi

Projekat Theoi – Fork
Lua error in Modul:Lang at line 1779: attempt to call method 'gsub' (a nil value). Grčka mitologija na Mythologica

[1] Kerenyi pp. 42–43.

[2] «Rex fuit Forcus Corsicae et Sardiniae qui cum ab Atlante rege navali certamine cum magna exercitus parte fuisset victus et obrutus finxerunt soci eius eum in deum marinum esse conversum»

[3] Attilio Mastino, Eracle nel Giardino delle Esperidi e le Ninfe della Sardegna nell'Occidente Mediterraneo mitico, "Archivio Storico Sardo", 2020

[4] Gantz, p. 16; Hesiod, Theogony 233–9 (Most, pp. 20–3).

[5] Gantz, p. 11; Kerenyi, p. 42; Plato, Timaeus 40d–e (pp. 86, 87).

[6] Hesiod, Theogony, 270–276.

[7] Hesiod, Theogony, 295–297. Though Herbert Jennings Rose says simply that it is "not clear which parents are meant", Athanassakis, p. 44, says that Phorcys and Ceto are the "more likely candidates for parents of this hideous creature who proceeded to give birth to a series of monsters and scourges". The problem arises from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in line 295 of the Theogony. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe (e.g. Smith "Echidna"; Morford, p. 162), according to Clay, p. 159 n. 32, "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Gantz, p. 22; Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 295–303; Grimal, s.v. Echidna, str. 143.

[8] Hesiod, Theogony, 333–335.

[9] Pherecydes, fr. 16b Fowler; Apollodorus, Library 2.5.11; Hyginus, Fabulae Preface, 151.

[10] Apollodorus, E7.20. Similarly the Plato scholiast, perhaps following Apollodorus, gives the mother as Crataeis and the father as Tyrrhenus or Phorcus, while Eustathius on Homer, Odyssey 12.85 gives the father as Triton. Homer, Odyssey 12.124–125; Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.749, have Crataeis as mother with no father mentioned; see also Servius on Virgil Aeneid 3.420; and schol. on Plato, Republic 588c. For discussions of the parentage of Scylla, see Fowler 2013, p. 32, Ogden, p. 134; Gantz, pp. 731–732; and Frazer's note to Apollodorus, E7.20.

[11] Fowler 2013, p. 31; Sophocles, fr. 861 Lloyd-Jones, pp. 376, 377.

[12] Smith, s.v. Phorcus, Phorcys; Homer, Odyssey 1.71–3.

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