Hence, we can conclude that the dissolved gas type and concentration may affect considerably the behavior of transient pressure, and then the magnitude of
relative velocity. Furthermore, the first peak pressure is amplified with small amount of gas content, while the damping and the period of pressure surges are increased with the increasing of gas content.
Considering the
relative velocity of the mixture (water + sediment) passing through a certain area of the impeller blade, a relative sliding distance (S) was estimated according to Eq.
In the case of systems with Coulomb friction models, transition from slip to stick may occur when
relative velocity [??] vanishes in a contact point.
As depicted in Figure 6(d), the
relative velocity in each direction is lower than 0.5 m/s, and the
relative velocity constraint is satisfied.
Thus two cases may arise: (i) if the distance is zero at the stationary point(s) then there is collision between the vehicles and the
relative velocity is arbitrary:
Even for the action point model, the human factor was limited to drivers' perception of the
relative velocity. However, as Hamdar [25] and Treiber and Kesting [26] presented, the human factors such as perception threshold and spatial anticipation can be quite different from individuals.
Homogeneous neighborhood for a vehicle is strongly driven by density and standard deviation of average
relative velocity of vehicles in its communication range.
The magnitude of the pressure development increases with the
relative velocity, film viscosity and decreasing film thickness.