GISAID

Sequences comprising the whole genome were submitted to GISAID (Appendix 2 Table 1).

Among the first 3 human H7N9 sequences available in the GISAID, there are some variations in the globular head region of the HA.

The phylogeny is based on 80 full-length open-reading frames downloaded from the GISAID EpiFlu database (https://www.gisaid.org), with signal peptide coding regions and stop codons removed, yielding products of 1,923 nt.

Scientists who protested that H5N1 sequences were not being made freely available set up the GISAID system in 2006.

([section]) GISAID accession numbers: EPI_ISL_294259 to EPI_ISL_294289, EPI_ ISL_294291, EPI_ISL_294294, EPI_ISL_294296, EPI_ISL_304787.

The genomic data are analyzed and submitted to public databases (GenBank or GISAID EpiFlu).

Of the 265 H5N2 sequences analyzed, we retrieved the 16 viruses from Canada from the GISAID EpiFlu database (http://platform.gisaid.org) and sequenced the 249 viruses from the United States.

CDC analysis of 74 hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences from A(H7N9) virus samples collected from infected persons or live bird market environments during the fifth epidemic, which are available in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database (4,5), indicates that A(H7N9) viruses have diverged into two distinct genetic lineages.

Searches of the GISAID (https:// www.gisaid.org) and BLAST (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.

We edited the deduced consensus sequences (average sequence coverage >10,000x) using BioEdit (https://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html) and analyzed them phylogenetically using MEGA7 (https:// www.megasoftware.net) (GISAID accession nos.

We analyzed each of 8 gene segments of H7N9 viruses by using phylogenetic methods, together with available sequences from the GISAID EpiFlu database (http:// platform.gisaid.org/; accession numbers in online Technical Appendix Table 3).

Acknowledgments for laboratory contributions by GISAID partners are listed in online Technical Appendix 2 (https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/24/6/17-2071-Techapp2.xlsx).